Objective: Calpain-10 (CAPN10) is an atypical member of the Ca2+ dependent intracellular cysteine proteases family. It is expressed in many tissues and is essential for multiple cellular functions such as insulin secretion and activity. It is the first type 2 diabetes susceptibility gene identified. In our study, we aimed to analyze the relationship between CAPN10 gene polymorphisms (SNP-44,-43 and-137) and increased type 2 diabetes risk in a Turkish population. Material and Methods: 149 T2D patients and 48 healthy individuals were included in the study. Genotyping was performed using the PCR-SSCP technique, confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. The association between CAPN10 genotypes and T2D development and clinical features was statistically analyzed. Results: According to the results of the odds analysis, while no correlation was observed between SNP-44 and disease (OR: 1.417 CI: 0.452-4.436, P=0.740), a significant correlation was found between SNP-43 and disease (OR: 0.455 CI: 0.235-0.881, P=0.028). SNP-137 genotype distribution was detected as C/C in all patient and control individuals. No correlation was found between the scanned SNPs and clinical parameters (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to our results; SNP-43 in the CAPN10 gene is a risk factor for the development of T2D in the Turkish population.