Amelanchier parviflora var. dentata is an endemic medicinal plant traditionally consumed to treat stomach pain, cardiovascular diseases, and urinary tract infections in Turkey's folk medicine. Although Amelanchier genus is an excellent source of phytochemicals with a panoply of biological activities, no report has been made available on Amelanchier parviflora var. dentata. Thus, the metabolic profiles of methanol, ethyl acetate, and water extracts were obtained using HPLC–MS/MS. Besides, the pharmacological properties such as antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibition effects against acetyl/butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase were evaluated. In total, 62, 38, and 16 metabolites were identified from the methanolic, water, and ethyl acetate extracts, respectively. The identified metabolites belong to anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. The tested extracts exhibited different enzyme inhibitory activity against cholinesterases (acetylcholinesterase: 0.52–2.47 mg GEs/g extract and butyrylcholinesterase: 0.47–3.59 mg GEs/g extract), tyrosinase (19.0–145.54 mg KAEs/g extract), α-amylase (0.23–1.10 mmol ACEs/g extract), and α-glucosidase (8.89–9.92 mmol ACEs/ g extract). Evidence from the present study supports the necessity for more research in an endeavor to discover biologically active secondary metabolites from A. parviflora to manage specific ailments.