Scopus
🔓 Açık Erişim
Scrotal Pain Alters Doppler Findings in Varicocele: A Prospective Evaluation
Journal of Clinical Medicine · Şubat 2026
Makale Bilgileri
DergiJournal of Clinical Medicine
Yayın TarihiŞubat 2026
Cilt / Sayfa15
Scopus ID2-s2.0-105030094807
Erişim🔓 Açık Erişim
Özet
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of scrotal pain on venous diameter and reflux duration in varicocele, and to assess the predictive value of ultrasonographic findings for varicocele grading. Methods: Fifty-two symptomatic patients with left-sided varicocele, presenting with infertility or scrotal pain, were prospectively evaluated. Grading was based on physical examination. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, venous diameters, and reflux durations were measured using scrotal color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) both during active pain and after pain had markedly subsided or resolved. Results: After pain resolution, venous diameters significantly decreased in both resting and Valsalva states (p < 0.001). In grade-specific analysis, this reduction was significant only in grade II varicocele (rest: p = 0.004; Valsalva: p = 0.026). Reflux durations also significantly decreased after pain relief in all varicocele grades, both at rest and during Valsalva (p < 0.001 for all, except G3 Valsalva: p = 0.001). Ultrasonographic parameters during the pain-present state showed better discrimination for detecting grade I varicocele (AUC: 0.88), while the pain-free state provided better diagnostic accuracy for grade III varicocele (AUC: 0.69). Combining measurements from both conditions further improved predictive accuracy, especially for grade III varicocele (AUC: 0.77). Conclusions: Scrotal pain significantly influences scrotal CDUS findings in patients with varicocele, leading to measurable differences in venous diameter and reflux duration between pain-present and pain-free states. Therefore, consideration of symptom status when interpreting scrotal CDUS results may improve diagnostic accuracy and support more informed clinical decision-making.
Yazarlar (7)
1
Halil Demirçakan
ORCID: 0000-0003-2376-580X
2
Ali Şahin
ORCID: 0000-0002-3139-8205
3
Hüseyin Gültekin
4
Kürşat Küçüker
ORCID: 0000-0002-5558-327X
5
Mesut Berkan Duran
ORCID: 0000-0002-8597-2081
6
Serdar Toksöz
ORCID: 0000-0002-2649-1157
7
Murat Gul
ORCID: 0000-0002-6657-6227
Anahtar Kelimeler
scrotal pain
ultrasonography
varicocele
Kurumlar
Cumra State Hospital
Konya Turkey
Dr. Suat Günsel Girne University Hospital
Kyrenia Cyprus
Pamukkale Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi
Denizli Turkey
Selçuk Üniversitesi
Selçuklu Turkey
Sincan Training and Research Hospital
Ankara Turkey