Introduction: We aimed to investigate the relationship between preoperative nutritional status with postoperative interleukin-10 (IL-10) and neopterin in gynecologic oncology cases. Materials and methods: This prospective study included cases hospitalized in our clinic. Preoperative cases were divided into two groups as low and high risk according to Nutritional risk score (NSR-2002). Demographic and clinical characteristics and questionnaires including the NSR-2002 form were recorded. IL-10 and neopterin levels were analyzed 1 week postoperatively. Results: Forty-five low-risk and 43 high-risk cases were evaluated. The mean ages of the cases were 56.7 ± 7.8 and 57.2 ± 14.3 years, respectively, and no significant difference was found between them (P = 0.854). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of upper arm circumference (P = 0.043), triceps skinfold thickness (P = 0.010), shorter wound healing time (P = 0.009), neopterin (P = 0.037), IL-10 (P = 0.043), preoperative ferritin (P = 0.001), hemoglobulin (P = 0.026), albumin (P = 0.047), postoperative ferritin (P = 0.015), hemoglobulin (P = 0.044), and albumin (P = 0.042) levels in favor of the low-risk group. Among the significant factors, only wound healing time had positive correlation (P = 0.006, r = +0.290). Conclusions: Nutritional status is closely related to case recovery in the postoperative period. Postoperative changes to high interleukin-10 and neopterin levels in cases with low nutritional index show the importance of nutrition in the postoperative period.