Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of selected macroeconomic variables on the global peace index. Theoretical Framework: This research provides a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between economic factors and peace by highlighting key concepts such as sustainable development goals (SDGs), peace economics and development theories. Method: Using data from G20 countries covering the period 2008-2022, the effects of inflation, GDP per capita, foreign direct investments, growth rate, exchange rate and consumption expenditures on the peace index were examined with panel data models. Results and Discussion: According to the analysis results; the inflation rate, foreign direct investments (fdi) and growth rate among the variables in the established model were statistically insignificant, while per capita income, exchange rate and final consumption expenditures were statistically significant. Research Implications: This research contributes to understanding of the relationship between economic development and peace. Theoretically, it reveals how economic factors shape peace and the interaction between sustainable development and peace; while in practical terms, it emphasizes the integration of peace strategies with economic growth and inequality for governments and international organizations. The results can be applied in areas such as peace economics and development policies. Originality/Value: This study brings an innovative approach to the literature by investigating economic factors’ effects on peace and offers contributions to the integration of sustainable development and peace strategies. The findings can help governments and international organizations shape peacebuilding and development policies more effectively.