This randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine the effect of listening to Surah Maryam during the first stage of labor on postpartum depression, traumatic childbirth perception, and post-traumatic stress. Women in the Surah Maryam group (SMG) listened to Surah Maryam during the first stage of labor. Following the intervention, both groups were assessed using scales measuring the perception of traumatic childbirth, postpartum depression, and post-traumatic stress. Logistic regression analysis showed no statistically significant differences between the SMG and control group (CG) in terms of traumatic childbirth perception or postpartum depression following the intervention. However, listening to Surah Maryam was found to reduce post-traumatic stress in the SMG by 93% compared to the CG (OR = 0.070, 95% CI 0.017–0.286). Women should be allowed to perform spiritual practices according to their preferences during childbirth to ensure a positive childbirth experience and better mental health during the postpartum period.