Objective: Chronic renal failure(CRF) shortens life due to increased cardiovascular risk despite transplantation in children.We planned to compare the pre and post-transplant cardiovascular system functions biochemically and echocardiographically,and to investigate its relationship with brain-natriuretic-peptide(BNP) in this study. Materials and Methods: CRF-patients who underwent renal transplantation before the age of 18 and the same number of age-sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study.Pre-post-transplantation body-mass-index(BMI), biochemical values, echocardiographic findings, carotid-intima-media-thickness(CIMT) measurements were compared.Tissue-Doppler-imaging and BNP values of the patients after transplantation were compared with control group. Results: Total of 64 cases,including 32-patient and 32-control, were evaluated. The values of patients before and after transplantation(7-109 months after transplantation) were compared. After transplantation;BMI values increased significantly (p<0.001),CIMT values decreased significantly(from 0.737±0.087mm to 0.555±0.098mm p<0.001),left-ventricular-mass(LVM) and mass-index(LVMI) were significantly decreased(LVM;156.12±111.17g to 151.13±55.57gr and LVMI;62.33±36.07gr/m2.7 to 45.92±14.30 gr/m2,7, p<0.001),mitral E/A ratio decreased(1.68±0.65 to 1.45±0.29 p<0.001).It was found that LVMI, myocardial-performance-index(MPI), CIMT and BNP values were still significantly higher than healthy controls(p<0.05).It was found that BNP was significantly negatively correlated with BMI and not-correlated with MPI. Conclusion: Although the cardiac risk factors of renal transplantation patients decrease after transplantation, they still have higher risk than healthy controls.Measurement of MPI and LVMI is important in predicting cardiovascular risk status after renal transplantation.