Purpose: This research was carried out to identify the relationship between adolescent health promotion behaviors and the self-efficacy of students. Materials and Method: This study is a descriptive study, which was carried out in a secondary school and two high schools in the provincial center of Ankara in the 2017-2018 academic year. The research population included all students studying these schools.The study was conducted on the entire population (N=915) therefore, no sample selection was made. Participation was on a volunteer basis. Three different forms were used as data collection tools. These are questionnaire form, adolescent health promotion scale, and self-efficacy scale for children. The data were summarized as mean, standard deviation, and percentages. Results: 789 adolescents have participated voluntarily in the research. Seventy-one percent (n:561) of the students in the research group were male and 28.9% (228) were female students. The mean age of the students was 13.93±2.34, their height average was 1.63±0.15, and their weight average was 55.99±18.42. The mean score for adolescent health promotion scale is 142,53±27,06. On the other hand the mean score for self-efficacy scale is 74,61±16,44. In the adolescent health promotion scale and all subscale scores, there were significant differences according to their grade, age, success status, health state perception, beliefs in managing future health statuses, wearing a seat belt, wearing a helmet while riding a bicycle or motorbike, using pedestrian crossings and overpasses when crossing the road (p<0.05). In the self-efficacy scale and all subscale scores, there were significant differences according to their grade, age, success status, health state perception, beliefs in managing future health statuses, wearing a seat belt, wearing a helmet while riding a bicycle or motorbike, using pedestrian crossings, and overpasses when crossing the road. There was a positive and significant correlation between health-promoting behaviors and self-efficacy (p<0.05). Conclusions and Suggestions: Self-efficacy perception and health-promoting behaviors are gained during childhood and adolescence and maintained throughout life. For this reason, education, seminars, and activities to be given to students, teachers, and parents will be effective in increasing self-efficacy perceptions of adolescents and gaining health-promoting behaviors in adolescents.