Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different plasma gases (argon and oxygen), primer, and sandblasting applications on the shear bond strength between monolithic zirconia and self-adhesive resin cement. Methods: Fifty monolithic zirconia discs were prepared and sintered. The zirconia discs were randomly divided into five groups according to surface treatments: Control (no surface treatment was applied), Sandblasting (sandblasting with 50-μm Al<inf>2</inf> O<inf>3</inf> ), Primer (a universal ceramic primer application), Oxygen Plasma (10 minutes oxygen-plasma treatment) and Argon Plasma (10 minutes argon-plasma treatment). A dual-cure resin cement was applied to the specimens, and a thermal cycling process was done for 5500 cycles. The shear bond strength test was performed on a universal testing machine at a speed of 1 mm/min. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post-hoc tests with a significance level of 0.05. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the mean shear bond strength values among the groups (P<0.001). Sandblasting and Primer groups had the highest bond strengths in comparison to the other groups, although there was no significant difference between them (P>0.05). Oxygen and Argon Plasma groups showed higher bond strength values compared with the Control group (P<0.001), however, showed lower values than the Sandblasting and Primer groups (P<0.05). No significant difference was found between the plasma groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Plasma application significantly improved the bonding between resin and zirconia, but this improvement was not at the level of sandblasting and primer applications. Primer and sandblasting treatments can be utilized as alternatives to each other.