The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of nosemosis by using microscopic and molecular (Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)) methods in honey bees of Hatay province, and to investigate the effects of beekeepers' attitudes and behaviors and apiary conditions on the spread of disease through a survey study. In the study, adult bee samples were collected from 450 hives in 75 apiaries in 6 districts of the Hatay region between March 2019 and May 2019. This particular area was chosen because many beekeepers overwinter their hives here and movement of colonies in and out of the region is common. As a result, it was determined that there was Nosema ceranae infection in 45% of the apiaries; overall, 20% of the total hives were infected in Hatay province. However, Nosema apis was not detected. In the statistical evaluation of the survey study that determines the effects of apiary conditions and beekeepers' attitudes and behaviors on the spread of the disease, the infection rate in Caucasian (Hybrid) bee race (53.7%) was found to be significantly higher than that of the native (Hatay) bee race (23.8%) (p < 0.05). In addition, the rate of disease (50.0%) in apiaries that use the same beekeeping equipment like frames, bee brush and frame scraper among different hives was found to be significantly higher than those that do not use the same equipment among different hives (18.2%) (p < 0.05).