Background: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of Ca(OH)<inf>2</inf>, Biodentine, MTA and TheraCal LC in cariously exposed mature permanent teeth for one year after treatment. Methods: In this follow-up study, patients who applied to the Restorative Dentistry clinic due to caries symptoms, and were randomly applied pulp capping treatment using different pulp capping materials (Ca(OH)<inf>2</inf>, Biodentine, MTA and TheraCal LC) on the pulp that was exposed during caries removal were included. Among these patients, a total of 94 patients between the ages of 18-45, who had no systemic health problems and had approximately equal number of patients in each pulp capping material group were included. The patients in Group 1, 2, 3 and 4 were treated with Ca(OH)<inf>2</inf> (Kerr, USA) (n=25), MTA(Angelus, Brasil) (n=25), TheraCal LC (Bisco Inc,USA) (n=22) and Biodentine(Septodont,France) (n=22), respectively. The patients were recalled for clinical evaluation after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Presence of spontaneous pain, percussion, and postoperative hypersensitivity, and tooth vitality were recorded. The vitality tests were done by both, cold (Endo Ice, Coltene/Whaledent, Switzerland) and electric pulp tests (Digitest II, Parkell, USA). The Chi-Square and Fisher Exact tests were used for statistical analysis (p<0,05). Results: The highest success in terms of tooth vitality was observed in the Biodentine group (%90.9), and the lowest was observed in Ca(OH)<inf>2</inf> group (%80.0). The success in the MTA and TheraCal LC groups were %84.0 and %81.8 respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between success rates of materials. Conclusion: It was concluded that the materials produced for direct pulp capping had sufficient clinical success in preserving the vitality of teeth in short-term clinical follow-up and the clinical success rates were similar. However, long-term clinical follow-up is needed to evaluate the success of these direct pulp capping materials used in our study.