Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most common type of diabetes and has become a serious public health problem in our country as worldwide. Reduction of insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance (IR) development are two major defects in T2D pathogenesis. PPARG2, which is encoded by the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) gene, located chromosome 3p25, is mainly expressed in adipocytes and regulates a large number of key genes involved in regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. The first reported candidate gene associated with T2D is PPARG2 (Pro12Ala variant), due to its functional importance. We aimed to evaluate the effects of Pro12Ala on IR development and T2D risk in 650 individuals, which of 387 (181 non-obese/ 206 obese) individuals with T2D and 264 (137 non-obese/127 obese) healthy individuals in Konya region. Method: T2D-related biochemical parameters were analyzed from blood samples and HOMA-IR (HOMA index) was calculated. Individuals with a HOMA-IR index higher than 2.5 were considered resistant to insulin. Pro12Ala genotyping was performed by RT-PCR technique in DNA samples isolated from lymphocytes. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Patient and control groups except Obese patient group were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p<0.05). Pro12Ala polymorphism had no effect on T2D risk and biochemical parameters according to association analysis under dominant, recessive, additive models (p>0.05). Conclusion: Consequently, the Pro12Ala in PPARG gene was not associated with T2D and biochemical phenotypes in the Turkish population. The polygenic nature of the disease and complexity of environmental factors makes it difficult to understand the effect of the genes in the pathogenesis of T2D. Further studies in larger populations are needed to reveal the possible role of PPARG in the genetic background of the disease. The study is the first report of PPARG and T2D association in Turkish population.