Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms of maternity nursing/midwife and their quality of work life, cognitive distortions, and traumatic perinatal experiences. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was used. Two hundred and sixty-six maternity nurses/midwives employed in maternity units of hospitals in a province located in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey were included in the study. Results: 37.2% of the maternity nurses/midwives met the criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (% 95 CI [31.6, 43.2]). Previous birth-related traumatic experiences, transferring to another unit, and negative cognitions about the self-increase the risk of development of posttraumatic stress disorder by 63% (F = 7.638, P < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between the outcome variable PTS total score and the following predictors: the number of years in the profession, the number of traumatizing events, quality of work life, burnout symptoms, compassion fatigue, posttraumatic cognition, negative cognition about the world, and negative cognition about the self. It was found that those maternity nurses/midwives who were not happy with their profession, who witnessed a traumatic incident, who transferred to another unit, who considered to quit the profession, who had a history of a psychological disorder, and those lacked social life were more sensitive to posttraumatic stress symptoms. Conclusion: These outcomes have significant consequences for both personal and professional well-being of the maternity nurses/midwives and the welfare of the workforce. To prepare maternity nurses/midwives for such exposures, to support maternity nurses/midwives following traumatic perinatal events, and to provide effective intervention for those with significant symptoms, organizational strategies are necessary.