Objectives: In our study, we aimed to evaluate the vaccine-preventable diseases and viral serology status of residents to prevent all the potential risks. Methods: Referring to this study list dated 11/01/2014, 203 residents working in Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine were included in this study from the Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Surgical Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medical Sciences. A questionnaire that consisted of 27 questions was administered using the face to face interview method. Anti-HAV IgG anti-HBs, HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HCV levels were measured by COBAS/E- 601 device with ELISA method. Measles IgG, rubella IgG, mumps IgG were measured by VIDAS device with ELFA method at Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine Department of Microbiology laboratory. SPSS for Windows 21.0 statistical software was used in the analysis of all the data. Results: In this study, all of the residents' HBsAg (n=203, 100%), anti-HCV and anti-HIV levels were normal and 9 (4.4%) of the residents were no immune to mumps. Of the residents; 3 (1.5%) were no immune to rubella. Of the residents; 21 (10.3%) were no immune to measles. Of the residents; 52 (25.6%) were no immune to hepatitis A. Anti-HBs antibody levels were measured range to 0.0-9.9 mIU/mL as 13 (6.4%) of the residents and ≥10 mIU/mL as 190 (93.6%). Of the residents; 13 (6.4%) were no immune to varicella. Vaccine declaration of the residents and their serology results compared by Kapaa test and the findings showed that low or negligible compliance for hepatitis B (κ=0.153 p=0.022) and found low intermediate compliance for hepatitis A (κ=0.217 p<0.001). There was no compliance vaccine declaration of the residents and their serology results for measles, rubella, mumps and varicella (p>0.05). Conclusion: As a result, increasing compliance with the residents for safeguard measures, assessment of serological status before beginning the work, and then, the vaccine for the seronegative disease and in-house training to increase vaccine awareness are necessary.