Abstract: In this paper, we aimed to determine the chromosomal features of Turkish endemic Rhaponticoides species. The chromosome numbers and karyomorphology of five species were examined. The chromosomal counts confirmed the previous reports of 2n = 30 given for Rhaponticoides species growing in different countries . Although R. iconiensis had a karyotype formula of 28m + 2sm, the remaining four species all had 26m + 4sm. Rhaponticoides aytachii and R. hierroi were especially similar in asymmetry indices. Rhaponticoides iconiensis and R. phytiae had satellites in the fourth and second chromosome pairs, respectively. Having the most symmetrical chromosomes, R. amasiensis displayed an important relationship with R. iconiensis and R. phytiae in terms of total chromosome length (TCL). If we make an overall assessment in terms of chromosomal asymmetry, chromosomes indices continues in the low range for each species and this low asymmetry indeces indicate that the species have symmetric chromosomes as karyomorphology. In conclusion, this is the first report which describes the karyotypes and chromosomal asymmetry indices of Turkish endemic Rhaponticoides species.