N-(3-Hydroxybenzalidene)4-bromoaniline has been synthesized. Its crystal structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. To investigate microscopic third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior of the title compound, we have computed both dispersion-free (static) and also frequency-dependent (dynamic) linear polarizabilities (α) and second hyperpolarizabilities (γ) at λ = 825-1125 nm and 1050-1600 nm wavelength areas using time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) method. The one-photon absorption (OPA) characterization has been theoretically obtained by means of configuration interaction (CI) method. The maximum OPA wavelengths are estimated in the UV region to be shorter than 450 nm, showing good optical transparency to the visible light. According to ab-initio calculation results on (hyper)polarizabilities, the synthesized molecule exhibits second hyperpolarizabilities with non-zero values, and it might have microscopic third-order NLO behavior. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.