The composition of the hydrodistilled essential oils obtained from aerial parts of Grammosciadium schischkinii (V.M.Vinogr. & Tamamsch.) V.M.Vinogr., G. haussknechtii Boiss., G. pterocarpum Boiss. and G. platycarpum Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss. (Apiaceae) which belong to subgenus Caropodium, growing in Turkey, were simultaneously analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The analysis revealed fifty-seven constituents, accounting 84.3–99.5% of the oils. The essential oil composition of G. schischkinii and G. haussknechtii which are endemic taxa to Turkey, have herein demonstrated for the first time. Moreover, we firstly defined the chemical characterization of the essential oil obtained from G. platycarpum gathered from Turkey. Oil samples showed different chemical compositions with regard to species and locations. Linalool (88.5 and 94.2%) was the main component of the oil samples from G. platycarpum, while hexadecanoic acid (20.6%) was the major in the oil sample of G. haussknechtii. Caryophyllene oxide (45.9 and 20.7%) was defined as the principal constituent in the oil samples of G. schischkinii and G. pterocarpum, respectively. In addition, phytol (19.1%) was determined as the main component in the oil of G. haussknechtii and this compound was first determined in the highest amount among the essential oils of the genus Grammosciadium.